Process Flow of Thin-Film Solar Cell Modules
Unlike wafer-based solar modules, the thin-film solar cells can be manufactured directly on a glass substrate as a large-scale solar power module. The substrate is bare glass with a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer coated as the front electrode of the module. After cleaning, the TCO pattern for the separated front electrodes of individual cells is formed by using a laser scriber according to the required output current and output voltage. With the separated front electrode, the active layer of the photovoltaic material is deposited by using the PECVD. In the case of the tandem Si thin-film solar cells, the active layer includes the amorphous silicon p-i-n layer and microcrystalline silicon p-i-n layer, which is denoted by a-Si/μc-Si. After the second laser patterning for the separated active layers of individual cells, the back contact electrode is coated by using a sputter and then scribed for each individual cell. The edge deposition is deleted and cleaned for subsequent module encapsulation. Before the encapsulation, the characteristics of the cells are tested by a solar simulator and organized in the database. There are three important processes for module encapsulation, including lay-up contacting for the conductive integration of the junction box, the lamination with a piece of backsheet or back glass, and the installation of the junction box. The process of a solar cell module is finished by the final sealing or framing. The properties of the complete module are assured by using a solar simulator as the final station of the module assembly.
 
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